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Indo-Malay
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Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Andaman Islands rain forests
Between 1960 and 1985, the human population of these islands more than tripled, growing from 50,000 to 180,000. Logging has disturbed much of the ecoregion's natural vegetation. Still, the interior regions remain relatively intact, with 11 percent of these forests set aside in conservation areas.
Indo-Malay
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Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Borneo lowland rain forests
More than half of the natural habitat of this ecoregion has been lost or degraded. Commercial logging and the conversion of natural forests to oil palm, rubber, and industrial timber plantations present serious threats. These land-use changes have also increased the prevalence and destructiveness of fires. Despite the presence of several protected areas, scientists believe that the entire lowland forest of Borneo may be gone by 2010 unless drastic action is taken.
Indo-Malay • Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Borneo montane rain forests
Because of its isolation and rugged landscape, this ecoregion remains largely intact, with only about eight percent cleared or converted to agricultural uses. The ecoregion includes the largest protected block of rain forest in Borneo, the Kayan Mentarang Nature Reserve. But mining operations, large dams, high-altitude timber operations, and road building are all increasing threats to this ecoregion's biodiversity.
Indo-Malay
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Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Borneo peat swamp forests
Much of this region is threatened by logging and by fires that are set to clear forest for commercial agriculture, such as oil palm plantations. During the 1997-1998 drought season, these fires resulted in the death of many birds, reptiles, amphibians, primates, and other mammals. Hundreds of orangutans that fled into villages to escape the fire were killed by villagers for food, and their orphaned babies were sold to the international pet trade.
Indo-Malay
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Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
The valley has been densely settled by humans and cultivated for thousands of years, resulting in widespread habitat loss and degradation. Approximately one-quarter of the habitat remains intact, but it is subject to forest clearing by local people and livestock grazing. Hunting of rhinoceros and tigers is also common.
Indo-Malay
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Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Cardamom Mountains rain forests
The forests of this unpopulated ecoregion are relatively intact, with a third of the area officially designated as protected. Still, several of these protected areas are under threat from illegal logging and legal logging concessions given to commercial logging companies. The still-booming wildlife trade in Cambodia and Thailand is also threatening biodiversity.
Indo-Malay • Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests
Rice paddies have replaced the original freshwater swamps and monsoon forests of this ecoregion. Although rice paddies offer a modified form of wetland habitat, they too are being replaced by other, more profitable types of agricultural production. Building and industrialization continue to take place without benefit of zoning or planning. Pesticide use is on the rise as well.
Indo-Malay
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Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests
Very little of this ecoregion's original forest cover remains, and fire and selective logging have degraded remaining patches. Construction of a new gas pipeline, roads, and housing are further destroying stands of native forest.
Indo-Malay
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Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests
This ecoregion is in relatively good condition, with about two thirds of the forest intact. However, shifting cultivation, known locally as taunggya, remains a serious threat to undisturbed vegetation. Increasing population has forced farmers to clear trees and sow their crops deeper into the forest. Hunting and habitat loss have already led to local extinctions of the gaur and Javan and Sumatran rhinoceroses.
Indo-Malay • Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests
Phosphate mining is the number one threat to the habitats of Christmas Island. However, most of the island has been designated as a national park. Coconut plantations have replaced native forests across much of the Cocos Islands, resulting in the disappearance of most native terrestrial wildlife. Poaching and other human activities also threaten the wildlife of these islands.